These questions describe a survey or study that measured a random sample of a larger group. You use the sample's percent or mean to estimate a count or total for the whole group, read an estimate with a margin of error as a range of plausible values, judge how sample size affects that margin, decide which group the results apply to, or compare two estimates.
Many items are multiple choice and ask for the most appropriate conclusion. The wrong choices often say more than the data supports: an exact value, a certainty, a claim about individuals, or a claim about a bigger group than the one sampled. Some items are student-produced responses that ask for an estimate or the end of an interval.
Problem-Solving and Data Analysis is about 15% of the Math section, and inference from samples is one of its several skills, so it is a small share of the test.
The arithmetic is light. These items reward careful reading of a few key words, so once you know the language they are quick points.