AP U.S. History · Summary

Unit 4 summary

1. Marbury (judicial review), McCulloch (implied powers, no state tax on the bank) and Gibbons (interstate commerce) all strengthened the national government.
2. The Hartford Convention sank the Federalists; nationalism after 1815 brought the American System and the Monroe Doctrine.
3. Jacksonian democracy widened voting for white men while women, enslaved people and many free Black men stayed shut out.
4. Jackson rejected nullification, vetoed the Second Bank's recharter and used the spoils system; his opponents formed the Whigs.
5. The market revolution linked the regions: northern factories and shippers, western farms and southern cotton grown with enslaved labor.
6. The Second Great Awakening fed reform: temperance, asylums, common schools, immediate abolition and the Seneca Falls Convention.
7. The Missouri Compromise split the Louisiana Purchase at 36°30′; the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears forced Native nations west despite Worcester v. Georgia.