AP U.S. History · Summary

Unit 6 summary

1. Railroads, new technology, rich resources and federal help such as tariffs and land grants made the United States the leading industrial power.
2. Carnegie used vertical integration and Rockefeller horizontal integration and the trust; Social Darwinism and the Gospel of Wealth defended great fortunes.
3. The Knights of Labor took nearly all workers and faded after Haymarket; the AFL organized skilled crafts; big strikes such as Pullman were broken with troops and courts.
4. New immigrants from southern and eastern Europe filled the cities; machines traded help for votes, settlement houses offered services, and nativism produced the Chinese Exclusion Act.
5. In the West, homesteading, railroads and the army pushed Native nations onto reservations; the Dawes Act and boarding schools aimed at assimilation and cost Native people most of their land.
6. Farmers' grievances over prices, debt, money and railroads produced the Grange, the Alliances and the Populists, whose ideas later became law under the Progressives.
7. The South built Jim Crow through disfranchisement and segregation, upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson; Black leaders debated how to respond.