AP Physics 1 · Summary

Unit 8 summary

1. $\rho = m/V$ and $P = F/A$; pressure pushes perpendicular to every surface, and 1 Pa = 1 N/m².
2. In a fluid at rest, $P = P_0 + \rho g h$. Gauge pressure is $\rho g h$; absolute pressure adds $P_0$. Only depth matters, not the container’s shape.
3. Pascal’s principle: extra pressure added to a sealed-in fluid shows up everywhere in it, at full strength.
4. Buoyant force = weight of the displaced fluid, $\rho_{fluid}V_{disp}g$. Fully under, use the whole volume; floating at rest, $F_b = mg$.
5. A floating object has a fraction $\rho_{obj}/\rho_{fluid}$ of its volume submerged; apparent weight = weight − buoyant force.
6. Continuity: $A_1v_1 = A_2v_2$, so narrower means faster. Bernoulli: $P + \frac{1}{2}\rho v^2 + \rho g y$ stays the same along the flow, so at one height faster means lower pressure.