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The DailySTEP 4
Medium×2♥♥♥40
If 2x − 7 = 11, what is the value of 3x?
A9
B18
C27
Best: 3
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Jazz pianist Mary Lou Williams composed hundreds of works. ______ she wrote arrangements for bands led by Duke Ellington and Benny Goodman.
AHowever,Your pick
BIn addition,Correct
Why: the second sentence adds another accomplishment. Nothing is being contrasted.
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98 questions across four modules, in the digital SAT’s order: Reading & Writing Module 1 and Module 2 (27 questions each), a 10-minute break, then Math Module 1 and Module 2 (22 questions each). On official timing that’s 2 hr 14 min of testing. You get estimated section scores and a total at the end.
Yes. In the standard full-length tests, Module 2 of each section is the harder version if you get 60% or more of Module 1 right, and the easier version if you don’t. Challenge tests use the hardest material throughout.
Official timing, extended 1.5× time, or untimed, on every test, including the free ones. Extended time allows 48 minutes for each Reading & Writing module and about 52 for each Math module. Untimed removes the clock so you can focus on accuracy.
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Nonlinear equations and systems · Lesson 1
Solving quadratic equations
A quadratic equation has x2 as its highest power. Before solving, get it into standard form: everything on one side and 0 on the other, ax2+bx+c=0. A quadratic can have two real solutions, one, or none (Lesson 2 shows how to tell).
Square roots, when there is no separate x-term. In (x−3)2=16, the inside is 4 or −4, so x−3=±4 and x=7 or x=−1. The ± matters: both 4 and −4 square to 16.
Factoring, when the numbers are friendly. For x2−5x−14=0, find two numbers that multiply to −14 and add to −5: −7 and 2. So (x−7)(x+2)=0. A product is 0 only when one of its factors is 0, so x−7=0 or x+2=0, which gives x=7 or x=−2. When each factor is x plus or minus a number, the solutions have the opposite signs of those numbers. With a coefficient, as in 2x−5=0, solve the factor: x=25.
The quadratic formula always works: x=2a−b±b2−4ac. Use it when factoring isn't quick or the answer choices contain square roots. The whole numerator is divided by 2a, not just the −b.
Completing the square turns the equation into the square-root kind. For x2+6x=7, add the square of half of 6, which is 9, to both sides: (x+3)2=16, so x+3=±4 and x=1 or x=−7. It is quickest when a=1 and b is even.
Two habits save points. Divide out a common number first: 2x2−8x−10=0 becomes x2−4x−5=0. But never divide both sides by x: in 3x2=12x, dividing by x loses the solution x=0. Move everything to one side and factor instead: 3x(x−4)=0, so x=0 or x=4.
The solutions of ax2+bx+c=0 are the x-intercepts of the graph of y=ax2+bx+c, as the graph below shows.
The graph of y=x2−2x−8An upward-opening parabola with its vertex at (1, -9). It crosses the x-axis at (-2, 0) and (4, 0), so the equation x^2 - 2x - 8 = 0 has the two solutions -2 and 4.
Worked example Easy
x2−5x−14=0
What are the solutions to the given equation?
Ax=−7 and x=2
Bx=−2 and x=7Answer
Cx=−4 and x=14
Dx=−1 and x=14
How to solve it
Look for two numbers that multiply to −14 and add to −5: −7 and 2.
Factor: (x−7)(x+2)=0.
Set each factor equal to 0: x−7=0 gives x=7, and x+2=0 gives x=−2.
Check x=7: 49−35−14=0. Check x=−2: 4+10−14=0.
Why each choice is right or wrong
A. Incorrect. These are the numbers inside the factors, −7 and 2, with their signs kept. Each solution makes its factor 0, so x−7=0 gives x=7 and x+2=0 gives x=−2.
B. Correct. x2−5x−14=(x−7)(x+2), and each factor is 0 at x=7 or x=−2. Both values make the left side 0.
C. Incorrect. This comes from the quadratic formula without dividing by 2a: 5±25+56=5±9, which gives 14 and −4. Dividing by 2a=2 gives 7 and −2.
D. Incorrect. This uses (x−14)(x+1), whose numbers multiply to −14 but add to −13, so it expands to x2−13x−14. The two numbers must also add to −5.
Worked example Medium
2(x+1)2−128=0
What is the positive solution to the given equation?
A7Answer
B9
C82−1
D63
How to solve it
There is no separate x-term, so isolate the square. Add 128: 2(x+1)2=128. Divide by 2: (x+1)2=64.
Take square roots, both signs: x+1=8 or x+1=−8.
Subtract 1: x=7 or x=−9. The positive solution is 7.
Check: 2(8)2−128=128−128=0.
Why each choice is right or wrong
A. Correct. (x+1)2=64 gives x+1=±8, so x=7 or x=−9, and 7 is the positive one.
B. Incorrect. This adds 1 to 8 instead of subtracting it, which gives x=9. From x+1=8, subtract 1 to get x=7.
C. Incorrect. This skips dividing by 2 and takes the square root of 128: x+1=128=82, so x=82−1. The 2 multiplies the square, so divide by it first to get (x+1)2=64.
D. Incorrect. This forgets to take the square root: it treats (x+1)2=64 as x+1=64, so x=63. Undo the square with a square root, x+1=±8.
Worked example Hard
x2−6x+4=0
Which of the following is a solution to the given equation?
A−3+5
B3+5Answer
C3+25
D6+25
How to solve it
No two integers multiply to 4 and add to −6, and the choices contain square roots, so use the formula or complete the square.
Formula with a=1, b=−6, c=4: x=26±36−16=26±20.
20=25, so x=26±25=3±5. Divide both terms by 2.
Completing the square gives the same result: x2−6x=−4, add 9 to both sides, (x−3)2=5, so x=3±5.
Why each choice is right or wrong
A. Incorrect. This uses b=−6 in place of −b at the start of the formula, which gives 2−6±25=−3±5. The formula starts with −b, which is 6 here.
B. Correct. The formula gives 26±25=3±5, and completing the square gives (x−3)2=5, the same two solutions.
C. Incorrect. This divides only the 6 by 2 and leaves 25 whole. The fraction bar divides the entire numerator, so both terms are halved.
D. Incorrect. This is the numerator 6+20 written as 6+25 without dividing by 2a=2.
Trap Keeping the signs from the factors
(x−7)(x+2)=0 has solutions 7 and −2, not −7 and 2. The SAT often lists the pair with the factors' signs kept as a choice. Plug one solution back in for a two-second check.
Trap Losing a solution
Two moves lose solutions. Taking only the positive square root turns (x−3)2=16 into x=7 alone and loses x=−1. Dividing both sides by x turns 3x2=12x into x=4 alone and loses x=0. Write ± every time you take a square root, and factor out x instead of dividing by it.
Desmos When Desmos is faster
Move everything to one side and graph the result as y=, such as y=x2−5x−14. Click the curve and Desmos marks its x-intercepts with gray points. Click each one to see its coordinates, here (−2,0) and (7,0). The x-coordinates are the solutions.
If you'd rather not rearrange, graph each side as its own y= and click the points where the graphs cross. Their x-coordinates are the solutions.
When the solutions are irrational, Desmos shows rounded decimals, such as 5.236 for 3+5. Type each answer choice on a new line, such as 3 + sqrt(5), to see its decimal and compare. For an equation that factors at a glance, solving by hand is just as fast.
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