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98 questions across four modules, in the same order and on the same timing as the digital SAT, with a highlighter, a question map and a timer you can see.

A Peakscor full-length test in progress: Reading and Writing, Test A, Module 1 of 4, question 7 of 27, with the passage, four answer choices, a highlighter, a 24:18 timer and Flag, Back and Next buttons.

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MathProblem-Solving and Data AnalysisHard

A store raises the price of a jacket by 20%. Later, it lowers the new price by 20%. The final price is what percent of the original price?

A80%
B96%Correct
C100%The trap
D104%

Check with $100: $100then$120then$96

  1. Turn each change into a multiplier.

    Up 20% means × 1.20. Down 20% means × 0.80.

  2. Apply them in order.

    1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96

  3. Read the answer.

    The final price is 96% of the original. That’s B.

  4. Why not 100%?

    The 20% cut is taken from the higher price, so it removes more than the 20% increase added.

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Every Peakscor full test follows this order. In the standard tests, the second module of each section adapts to how you did on the first.

  1. Reading & Writing · Module 1

    27 questions32 min

  2. Reading & Writing · Module 2

    27 questions32 min

    Adapts to how you did on Module 1.
  3. Break

    10 min

  4. Math · Module 1

    22 questions35 min

  5. Math · Module 2

    22 questions35 min

    Adapts to how you did on Module 1.

98 questions · 2 hr 14 min of testing, plus the break

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The Daily, plus 36 practice questions every day: 9 easy, 9 medium, 9 hard and 9 challenging, each with a full explanation. Full-length Test A, Challenge Test 1 and all 1,023 vocabulary words are free too, as are the 20-question diagnostic and PEAK Survivor’s first map. No card needed.

Pro is $20 a month or $200 a year: unlimited practice with no daily limit, plus every full-length test and Challenge test, and every game map and level. Peak is $29 a month or $280 a year: everything in Pro, plus the full Learn course and Peak Plan. Cancel anytime from your account.

98 questions across four modules, in the same order as the digital SAT: Reading & Writing Module 1 and Module 2 (27 questions each), a 10-minute break, then Math Module 1 and Module 2 (22 questions each). On official timing that’s 2 hr 14 min of testing. You get estimated section scores and a total at the end.

Yes. In the standard full-length tests, Module 2 of each section is the harder version if you get 60% or more of Module 1 right, and the easier version if you don’t. Challenge tests are built from harder material in every module.

Official timing, extended 1.5× time, or untimed, on every test, including the free ones. Extended time allows 48 minutes for each Reading & Writing module and about 52 for each Math module. Untimed removes the clock so you can focus on accuracy.

A quick run with three hearts. Each right answer builds your streak: the questions get harder as it grows, and your points multiply (×2 from three in a row, ×3 from six). A miss costs a heart and drops you back to easy. Best is your longest streak.

Every day at midnight Central Time. You get a fresh 9 easy, 9 medium, 9 hard and 9 challenging.

No. Peakscor is an independent SAT practice tool, not affiliated with the College Board. Scores shown are estimates.

Your next point starts today.

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Nonlinear functions · Lesson 3

Exponential growth and decay

An exponential function has the form f(x)=a⋅bxf(x) = a \cdot b^x, with bb positive and not 1. The initial value aa is the output when x=0x = 0, because b0=1b^0 = 1. The growth factor bb is what the output is multiplied by each time xx goes up by 1.

If b>1b > 1, the function grows. If bb is between 0 and 1, it decays. The graph of y=a⋅bxy = a \cdot b^x (with aa positive) crosses the yy-axis at (0,a)(0, a) and gets closer and closer to the xx-axis on one side without touching it.

Percent change. A growth of rr percent per step multiplies by 1+r1 + r, with rr as a decimal: 6% growth means b=1.06b = 1.06. A decay of rr percent multiplies by 1−r1 - r: a 15% decrease means b=0.85b = 0.85. Read it backward too: b=0.85b = 0.85 means 85% remains, so the decrease is 15%.

Other time periods. In f(t)=a(b)t/kf(t) = a(b)^{t/k}, the output is multiplied by bb every kk units of tt. If tt is in hours, 500(2)t/3500(2)^{t/3} doubles every 3 hours, not every hour. To find the factor for some other period, use exponent rules: over 6 hours the factor is 26/3=22=42^{6/3} = 2^2 = 4.

Linear or exponential? A linear function adds the same amount each step. An exponential function multiplies by the same factor each step. Growing by 50 dollars a year is linear; growing by 5% of the current value a year is exponential. When a linear and an exponential function grow from the same start, the exponential one eventually becomes much larger.

Linear y = 100 + 100x and exponential y = 100(2)^x from the same start123420040060080010000xy(0, 100)(1, 200)(2, 300)(2, 400)(3, 400)(3, 800)
Linear y=100+100xy = 100 + 100x and exponential y=100(2)xy = 100(2)^x from the same start A straight line and an upward-curving exponential curve, both starting at (0, 100) and both passing through (1, 200). At x = 2 the line is at (2, 300) and the curve at (2, 400); at x = 3 the line is at (3, 400) and the curve at (3, 800). The curve then leaves the top of the window between x = 3 and x = 4.

Worked example Easy

The value, in dollars, of a car tt years after it was purchased is modeled by the function V(t)=24,000(0.85)tV(t) = 24{,}000(0.85)^t.

Which of the following is the best interpretation of 0.85 in this context?

  1. The car's value decreases by 85% each year.
  2. The car's value decreases by 15% each year.Answer
  3. The car's value decreases by 3,600 dollars each year.
  4. The car's value decreases by 0.85% each year.

How to solve it

  1. 0.85 is the factor the value is multiplied by each year.
  2. Multiplying by 0.85 keeps 85% of the value, so 15% is lost.
  3. 0.85=1−0.150.85 = 1 - 0.15, so the value decreases by 15% each year.

Why each choice is right or wrong

  • A. Incorrect. 85% is the part that remains each year. A decrease of 85% would multiply by 1−0.85=0.151 - 0.85 = 0.15.
  • B. Correct. Multiplying by 0.85=1−0.150.85 = 1 - 0.15 means each year the car keeps 85% of its value and loses 15%.
  • C. Incorrect. 3,600 dollars is 15% of 24,000, the drop in the first year only. After that the value is smaller, so 15% of it is less than 3,600. A fixed drop each year would be linear.
  • D. Incorrect. This reads the factor 0.85 as if it were the percent. A 0.85% decrease would multiply by 1−0.0085=0.99151 - 0.0085 = 0.9915 each year. The factor 0.85 keeps 85% of the value, a 15% decrease.

Worked example Medium

The graph of y = f(x)−3−2−112−2246810121416180xy(0, 3)(1, 6)(2, 12)
The graph of y=f(x)y = f(x) An increasing curve that gets steeper as x increases. It passes through (0, 3), (1, 6) and (2, 12). To the left it gets closer and closer to the x-axis without touching it. The window shows x from -3 to 2.5.

The graph of the function ff is shown. Which equation defines ff?

  1. f(x)=2(3)xf(x) = 2(3)^x
  2. f(x)=3x+3f(x) = 3x + 3
  3. f(x)=3(2)xf(x) = 3(2)^xAnswer
  4. f(x)=6(2)xf(x) = 6(2)^x

How to solve it

  1. From 6 to 12 and from 3 to 6, each step of 1 in xx doubles the output. A constant factor means exponential, with b=2b = 2.
  2. The yy-intercept is (0,3)(0, 3), so a=3a = 3.
  3. f(x)=3(2)xf(x) = 3(2)^x. Check: f(2)=3(4)=12f(2) = 3(4) = 12.

Why each choice is right or wrong

  • A. Incorrect. This swaps the initial value and the factor. 2(3)x2(3)^x gives f(0)=2f(0) = 2 and f(2)=18f(2) = 18. It matches the point (1,6)(1, 6), which is why checking one point isn't enough.
  • B. Incorrect. This line passes through (0,3)(0, 3) and (1,6)(1, 6), but it adds 3 each step, so f(2)=9f(2) = 9, not 12. The graph is curved because it doubles each step.
  • C. Correct. The initial value is 3, the output doubles each time xx increases by 1, and 3(2)2=123(2)^2 = 12 matches the third point.
  • D. Incorrect. This uses f(1)=6f(1) = 6 as the initial value. The initial value is f(0)f(0), which is 3, and 6(2)0=66(2)^0 = 6 doesn't match the yy-intercept.

Worked example Hard

The mass, in grams, of a radioactive sample dd days after it was measured is modeled by M(d)=640(0.5)d/6M(d) = 640(0.5)^{d/6}.

By what percent does the mass of the sample decrease every 12 days?

  1. 25%
  2. 50%
  3. 75%Answer
  4. 100%

How to solve it

  1. The exponent d6\frac{d}{6} means the mass is multiplied by 0.5 every 6 days.
  2. 12 days is two 6-day periods, so the factor is (0.5)12/6=(0.5)2=0.25(0.5)^{12/6} = (0.5)^2 = 0.25.
  3. A factor of 0.25 keeps 25% of the mass, so the decrease is 100%−25%=75%100\% - 25\% = 75\%. Check: 640 grams becomes 640(0.25)=160640(0.25) = 160 grams after 12 days, a loss of 480 grams, which is 75% of 640.

Why each choice is right or wrong

  • A. Incorrect. 25% is the part of the mass that remains after 12 days. The decrease is the other 75%.
  • B. Incorrect. 50% is the decrease every 6 days. 12 days is two of those periods.
  • C. Correct. Over 12 days the factor is (0.5)2=0.25(0.5)^2 = 0.25, so 25% remains and the mass decreases by 75%.
  • D. Incorrect. This adds the 50% decrease twice, 50%+50%=100%50\% + 50\% = 100\%. Each halving takes half of what is left: after the first 6 days half remains, and the next 6 days take half of that, so a quarter is still left.

Trap Confusing the factor with the percent

The factor is not the percent change. b=1.06b = 1.06 means a 6% increase, and b=0.94b = 0.94 means a 6% decrease. A factor of 0.06 would mean losing 94% each step. Subtract the factor from 1 (or 1 from it) before you name a percent.

Trap Ignoring the period in the exponent

In 1500(1.2)t/31500(1.2)^{t/3} the 20% growth happens every 3 units of tt, not every unit. And percents over several periods multiply, they don't add: two 20% increases give 1.22=1.441.2^2 = 1.44, a 44% increase, not 40%.

Desmos When Desmos is faster

To find when a model reaches a value, graph both: type y = 24000(0.85)^x and y = 12000, then click the intersection. Desmos shows its coordinates rounded to a few decimals. Exponential graphs get large fast, so zoom out or set the window in the graph settings (the wrench icon).

Desmos also computes factors for other periods: type 0.5^(12/6) and it shows 0.25.

Desmos doesn't help with interpret the 0.85 questions. Those come from the rule: factor =1+r= 1 + r for growth, 1−r1 - r for decay.

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Same 98-question format, built from harder material: a hard Module 1, then a Module 2 made mostly of the hardest questions.

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